Overnutrition and Undernutrition Free Essays

Overnutrition and undernutrition ‘Beware of diet crazes’ – Sunday Telegraph 13. 02. 05 Question 1: What is meant by the term ‘fad diet’? Fad diets are eating programs that are genuinely unbalanced, unhealthy and do not provide enough nutrition for the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Overnutrition and Undernutrition or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people that follow fad diets will eventually become malnourished under nutrition. Fad diets are created usually for weight losing purposes Question 2: Identify 3 fad diets and outline the features of each. -Cabbage Soup Diet: The cabbage soup diet is about consuming a low calorie cabbage soup over seven days. It is considered as fad diet because it is designed for short-term weight-loss that requires no long-term physical activities. The diet contains a soup in which the ingredients are mostly vegetarian. It is claimed to lose about 4. 5 kg in a week but base on diet experts, most of the weight loss are water. -Three Day Diet: The three day diet is now one of the most popular short-term diets. The diet contains a guide for three days with low fat, salt and calorie meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is very unhealthy as its lack of carbohydrates and protein. Therefore it is not recommended to be used anymore than three days. -Grapefruit Diet: The grapefruit diet, also known as the Hollywood Diet is a short-term fad diet that has existed in the United States since 1930s. It involves eating half a grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice with each meal and significantly reduce the calorie intake, often under 800 calories per day. Like all others fad diets, it is not recommended for regular use. Question 3: Celebrities have access to additional resources, to aid them in achieving weight loss, that are not generally available to average person. What are they? Most celebrities are very rich. They can have access to many different resources that help them achieving weight loss. A common example is personal trainer. The trainers are dietary and weight loss professional that knows many efficient ways and helpful tips that will help training, exercising and having a diet more effective than normal. Another source that will aid them is expensive exercising machinery. With these machines, the exercises will become more complicated and therefore, burnt more calories. Question 4: Explain why fad diets particularly the low carbohydrate diets, are damaging for children. Fad diets usually contain low or even non-carbohydrate diets which are very bad and can even cause fatal disease if it is used over a long period of time. As a child grow up, carbohydrate is the most essential and important mineral needed for the body to fully function. Consuming a fad diet for a long time not only will not give the body enough energy for activities but also can slow down the growing process and might cause the child to become abnormal compare to other child in both height and strength. Question 5: Explain why carbohydrates are so important in our diet. Carbohydrates are very important. They serve as the main source of ‘fuel’ to the body. Without them, all the organs in our body may not function properly. For example, our nervous system cannot sustain unless is given an energy source to work, and that is of course carbohydrates. Also, our muscles and other important organs such as eye need carbohydrates to keep working. If there are not enough carbohydrates then it may cause to us tiredness and will affect our daily life. Question 6: What long term effects could a low carbohydrate diet have on people’s health? A low carbohydrate diet could cause some serious illness to our body over a period of time. Some of those illnesses are deadly such as heart disease or a higher risk of cancer. Lack of carbohydrate will also cause your organs to malfunction. Examples are reduced eye sight or lung diseases. Question 7: Identify 2 food allergies from which Australian commonly suffer. One of the most publicised food allergies is intolerance to peanuts, which affects about one in 200 Australian children. Peanut intolerance can become so severe that it triggers anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal. Lactose intolerance is a common food sensitivity that occurs in people who react to lactose found in milk and dairy products. Some food addictives, MSG flavour enhancer and strawberries can also cause allergies. Question 8: Investigate and evaluate one fad diet, examining the features and possible implications to health. You need to: a/ Identify one fad diet. b/ Outline the features of this diet i. e. which foods are included and which foods are prohibited. c/ Discuss possible implication to health. Fad diet: Three Day Diet * The Three Day Diet is one of the most common fad diets around the world. It claims to reduce your weight up to 4. 5 kg after 3 days. The diet contains a plan of meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for over 3 days with low calorie and fat foods. * Features: * Inclusion of many different meals (mainly low energy snacks) like boiled eggs or crackers. * Most meals include a vegetable and fruit serve * Coffee is included a lot. * Non-sugar appetiser is also in the diet. * Milk must be drunk after breakfast and dinner. * Prohibited food: * Sugar is not allowed along side with oil or fat. * Carbohydrates since it have a lot of energy. * Possible implication: The consequence of this low carbohydrate diet is obvious. It may reduce your weight you will eventually end up gaining as the weight loss is mostly water. Using this diet will make you become tired due to not enough energy is provided caused be the lacking of carbohydrates. Repeating this diet will severely damage your nervous, muscular and respiratory system of your body since they need the energy from carb ohydrate. Diseases will therefore become created and sometimes can be fatal. Factors That Influence Food Selection ‘School canteens forced to improve nutrition content of snacks on offer’ Sunday Telegraph 13. 2. 05 Question 1: List some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980’s and 1990’s. Some popular foods sold in school canteens during the 1980’s and 1990’s are potato chips, fizzy drinks, meat pies and lollies. Question 2: What advisory body was established to assist school canteens in implementing healthier food choices? The New South Wales School Canteen Association was established to assist school canteen in implementing healthier food choices. Question 3: Identify and explain the strategy that was implemented by the State Government in May 2004. The Healthy School Canteen Strategy, launched in May 2004 has prohibited schools in NSW selling high-fat, high-sugar foods more than twice each term. A menu guide was established, which divides foods into three colour groupings aimed at encouraging canteens to serve more wholesome foods and less of the ‘takeaway’ style meals. Question 4: Outline the menu guide that was established to aid the school canteens in categorising various foods. The menu that was established has three categories: green, amber and red. Each colour represents a different group of food base of their nutritional values and healthiness. Green: foods in the ‘green’ category should be offered abundantly, including items like bread, pasta, fruit, lean meat, chicken, fish and dairy products. -Amber: foods in the ‘amber’ group includes pizza, low-fat muffins, pies and ice blocks that should be chosen carefully and served in smaller quantities. -Red: the foods in this group are co nsidered unhealthy, filled with sugary and fatty products. They include deep-fried food, soft drinks, lollies and cream buns. Food from this group is allowed to be served twice a term at special events, such as that last day of school. Question 5: Outline the main reasons for developing this strategy. Provide statistical evidence. The main reason behind the development of this strategy is because of the obesity of many children over the entire Australia. More than 25 percent of children in Australia are overweight or obese, which is one of the highest rates of childhood obesity in the development world. This is due to the fast-food-eating habits that have been developed along side with the growth of many large fast food restaurants. Question 6: Design a new canteen menu for our school based on the above strategy. You need to: * Include green, amber and red foods in the correct proportions * Include a variety of fresh and semi-processed * Include drinks, meals and snack. Canteen Menu The foods will be classified into category of healthiness: green, amber and red. Example: Food name – type of food (fresh, hot food, snacks or drinks) – Colour classification. Menu: * Meat pie (available with chicken, beef and vegetable) – Hot food – Amber * Sausage roll (medium or large) – Hot food – Amber * Instant noodles – Hot food – Amber * Potato chips – Hot food – Red Bread roll and vegetable soup – Hot food – Green * Pasta – Fresh – Green * Spaghetti – Hot food – Amber * Hot dog – Hot food – Green * Fruit (apple, orange, banana, mandarins) – Fresh – Green * Fish and rice – Hot food – Green * Potato chips snacks – Snacks – Amber * Burgers (av ailable with chicken and beef) – Hot food – Amber * Juices (available with orange, apple and grape) – Drink – Green * Chocolate bars (Mars, Boost and Snickers) – Snacks – Amber * Lasagna – Hot food – Amber * Water – Drink – Green Breakfast only: * Hash browns – Hot food – Amber * Egg and bacon – Hot food – Amber How to cite Overnutrition and Undernutrition, Essay examples

Working With and Developing Communities

Question: Describe about the Article for Working With and Developing Communities. Answer: Brief Summary of the Project: Help Her is a community developmental project. This project is designed in such a way that the members of this project can help the Indigenous women, who are victims with disabilities like, sexual assault and domestic violence. Since many years, due to undeveloped traditional culture and lack of education, the women in this indigenous community are facing sexual assault and domestic violence (Green Haines, 2015). So, the main target of the domestic violence and sexual assault agencies is to be more responsible towards the needs of these women. It can be achieved through improving easy accessibility with the members of the plan and increasing knowledge among the community people. The aim is to provide the appropriate services to the more disabled women. Aim(s) of the Project: The aims of this project can be set after reviewing the Domestic Violence Program Survey in the Indigenous community over five years. This survey provides the data related to accessibility of domestic violence programs and facilities for disabled women and awareness of the necessities, among disabled women. This survey has guided the strategies and objectives of this project plan (Fabricius et al., 2013). This project plan has modified in such a way that it can fetch a great opportunity that can fund the project. The objectives are stated below: Training will be provided on violence and disability to 75% of volunteers and 90% of targeted domestic violence and sexual assault service provider staff. Environmental accessibility will be increased by four domestic violence and sexual assault agency offices and two shelters in that community. Different communication channels like, intake, hotline, printed materials and agency information will be established to increase the accessibility among disabled women in two shelters and four agency offices. The outreach will be increased to identify the women with disabilities, who are the victim of domestic violence and sexual assault in the community, Help Her project will also provide the legal support to the victim women. The project members will also emphasise on the victim women to provide them with certain skills so that they can stand for themselves in the future. The community development workers have to focus on the male members and the elderly people to get help in this project. Why this Project is needed: Domestic violence and sexual assault are burden on many areas of the social system and it effects the nation development dramatically yet quietly. It also influence the fortune of the nation in terms of general progress, lost labour, health care, law enforcement in development. These issues are not only restricted to the present generation, but also it reverberates through the community and family into the future. The recent study shows that domestic violence and sexual assault are more frequent in an indigenous community then a white community. These issues are appearing in this community due to many reasons like, oppression, violent family environment, unemployment, financial problems, poor health, lack of education and much more (Hart, 2013). This will also lead to child abuse and child adolescence. The victims are not able to protest due to lack of understanding, fear, stigma, shame, lack of services, etc. A developmental project is very much needed to address these issues. These kinds of project will develop the confidence among the victims to fight against any circumstances. Many organisations can not show the effort to lower down these issues. But through this project, those organisations, especially government organizations take the initiatives. The victims not only get the proper training to deal with the problems but also they can communicate with each other and share their problems through this program. The victims get all type of supports through the project ct. They can empowered themselves through connecting to various cultures and training different skills for the future. The developmental project not only helps those victims but also it involves various educated people in this team. Different research team, government team, local people come together to make the project successful. Community Work Approach or Model: The main tasks in this project are to help the disabled women through changes, accessibility assessment, coalition building and training. This plan can be achieved in three approaches. They are stated below: In the first approach, the volunteers and the staff members have to be associated with the Indigenous community to gain skills and knowledge about the disabled women. The members have to communicate in such away so that the women will feel comfortable to share their thoughts. The project coordinator mentors the six hours training (Rhee et al., 2015). Training needs funding for training materials, one support staff and the time of the project coordinator. In the second approach, the domestic violence and sexual assault agencies and the shelters have to establish in such a way the disabled women can access them easily. To access the side audits a cross disability team can be made up of four women who use the accessibility check list. The project coordinator will create a report based on the auditing report and will guide the agencies to develop an action plan. The primary audit and other related reports and action plans need many months to successful implementation (Munn-Giddings Winter, 2013). This plan needs funding for materials and travels, project coordinator, cross-disability team of four members. In the third approach, the communication and information will help to identify the disabled women. Then these women will be sent to domestic violence and sexual assault shelter and agencies. Project staff consists of support staff and project coordinator will develop primary contacts and then will arrange different meetings and gatherings during the whole project completion (Kelly, 2016). This approach includes funding for incidentals and materials, and staffs to arrange the meeting. Certain changes in the community: The changes will be made into the policies of those disabled women to use them for their personal settings within the service settings. The physical environments will be modified within the service setting, like, accessible bathrooms, wider doorways, ramped entrances etc. This will help to increase the utilization. Different mode of communications and printed materials will be provided to the women so that they can ask for the help in any situation. Proper victim services will be provided to the disables women.unity disability agencies and collaborative relationships between domestic violence and sexual assault programs will be strengthened. Project Objectives, Strategies and Activities: Objectives: The main vision of this project is to improve the help service for the disabled women who had experienced sexual assault or domestic violence. The vision statement is Help Her. The essential what of this project is to upgrade the referral, identification and access to sexual assault and domestic violence for disable Indigenous women in an underserved group through certain trainings and increasing awareness (Groves Hinton, 2013). The essential why of this project is the disabled women are more prone to be victims of sexual assault and domestic violence and less prone to get help. Strategies: Before developing strategies as a part of process for the project, the following targets will be highlighted. The project will be targeted towards the organisational level. The project will be targeted to the organizations, staff providing services, and domestic violence or sexual assault agencies and shelters that can refer the disabled women for proper services. This project will be also targeted towards environmental factors and personal factors. Environmental factors include policies, communication access, and physical access to domestic violence shelters that affect access. Personal factors include the staffs beliefs and knowledge about the necessity of women with disabilities. The following strategies will represent the accomplishment of each of the objectives. They correlate to the stated aims and represent the overall mission of the project. The strategies fit into the available opportunities and resources (Schulenkorf, 2012). Strategy 1: The community will be divided into equal parts. In those parts, six hours of training on violence and disability will be conducted with the volunteers and staff members from domestic violence and sexual assault service agencies. Strategy 2: Accessibility audits of domestic violence and sexual assault service agency sites will be conducted. The summary report will be developed from these audits and then the recommendations will be made according to the report. This will help each agency to develop an action plan. Strategy 3: Easily accessible communication channels like hotlines, print materials etc and information will be made. Then summary reports will be developed based on that and the recommendations will be made according to the report. This will help each agency to develop an action plan. Strategy 4: Meetings and social gathering will be held with the community disability agencies and sexually assault or domestic violence service staffs. This will modify the protocols of identifying disable women and referring them to victim help services. Activities: The project planning group will start with the existing work force with a focus on improving the health condition of the disabled women in that community. The leaders of that work force will be associated with the agencies that have brought expertises in disability issues, clinical research, practice, domestic violence and public health during this planning process. To do the project more specifically, the university based research centre will be called to help in this project (Phillips Pittman, 2014). They will bring the skills related to violence, epidemiology and will assist in developing the evaluation plan. The members will partner with the state coalitions to bring their expertises related to the overall problems of sexual assault services and domestic violence. They will contribute their big thoughts in services after knowing the facts towards the community. Every targeted shelter and agency will bring its unique expertise and perspective to help the women directly that has e xperienced sexual assault and domestic violence. Finally, the leaders of this project will bring the experts related to quality of life for people with accessibility, disability and the connection between disability and violence. Evaluation: The project plan is appeared to be transparent and complete. It shows the reflection through emerged opportunities and present work for replication and expansion in the future. The project will be evaluated under different criteria, like, relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, sustainability and success. In first criteria, how much the aims of this project are relevant to the policies and priorities of the donor, recipient and target group will be evaluated. In this project, the aims are relevant to the priorities of the project. In effectiveness, the measurement of attending the goals of the project will be evaluated. The Help Her project is much effective in that way. Efficiency is measured through quantitative and qualitative outputs as compared to the inputs (Goodwin Young, 2013). In this project the victims will get various kinds of trainings, skills, supports as outputs without investing anything. So, the project fulfils the efficiency. The influence of any project is d escribed through its impact. This project has great impact in the society. The sexual assault and domestic violence are major issues in the society. The society will be influenced to a greater extent through conducting this type of project. Sustainability is associated with the beneficial outcomes of the project after its completion. To evaluate this project under sustainability, it can be said that it will be sustainable till certain extent. Success of a project will be measured with the results (Gilberthorpe, 2013). Overall, this project has a huge success. But it is difficult to say the continuation of its success in the future. Above all, during dealing the issues, this project plan has simple flexibility to fit the crisis operation mode of the agencies and allow the changes to appear in the crisis time. Budget: The budget of the project is defined as detailed estimation of all costs, which are required to complete the project. This budget will be drawn with much more detaining than the high level budget which would be developed in the initial stage of the project planning. This budget will be made based on top-down budgeting approach. This decision will be made by the seniors of the team, like project coordinator, the leader of the domestic violence and sexual assault agencies, local government leaders. This management team will estimate an amount as the cost of the project (Stewart Wild, 2015). Then that amount will be distributed between the project plans. The advantage of this budget plan is that the members will focus on completing the project within the allocated budget. There are two types of costs that concern the project coordinator while creating the budget. These two types of costs are direct costs and indirect costs. In direct cost, the cost will be dedicated to the project and charge will be fixed on the item basis. Examples are: volunteers, consultation fees, training fees, raw materials, licence fees, travelling cost etc. In Indirect costs more than one project will be benefited and a proportion of one project will be charged. These indirect costs are project insurance, general administration, project equipment, project space, telephone charges etc. Potential Funding Sources: Potential funding can be derived from various sources. The main sources are government grants, debt and equity. These alternative financing sources crucial implications on cash flow, overall cost of a project, ultimate claims and liability to project assets and income. Equity is referred to the funding invested by project coordinator. This funding can be provided by internally generated cash, third party investors, government and project coordinator (Kaneene et al., 2013). Equity provides need a return target that is much higher than the interest rate of debt funding. This will compensate the risks taken by project coordinator, as they have claim to assets and income of the project. Debt refers to the funding which will be borrowed from any financial institutions and banks. It has fixed rate of interest and fixed maturity which will be paid on principal. Lenders of the debt funding have the major claim on assets and income of the project. Some examples of debt funding are debt instru ments, bonds, subordinate loans, bridge finance, commercial loan etc. Apart from these two types of funding, the families, private organisations, clubs of the community also can help through funding. Project Timeline: The duration of the project Help Her is one year. The project will be divided into different parts. According to that the time management will be done. Identification of the women who faced sexually assault and domestic violence, will take three to four months. Communicating with them and making them, comfortable will take two to three months (Banks et al., 2013). Different types of training, skills will be provided to them. It will take four to five months. Then these victims will be kept under observation for one month. Though this project will be completed within one hour, but the members can reach the project team at any point of their needs. Limitations and Weaknesses of the Project: Limitation: This Help Her project is planned by nongovernmental organisation. So funding is the major limitation here. This project needs lot of costs to implement different ideas, skills, and trainings. But the funding is limited (Council, 2012). Second limitation is culture. The indigenous community is culturally restricted. It is not easy to mix up with the victims of the community. Due to different factors like, fear, shyness, the women of this community can not open themselves easily. The third limitation is time. Every project has a limited time period. The project will be granted in the condition to complete it with in a fixed time. In this project the goal is very difficult to achieve with in a time period. Weakness: The major weakness of this project is successful completion of the project. The goal of the project is to help the disabled women who faced sexual assault and family violence. These are such sensitive issues which are not described by family very often. After showing responses also, it is very difficult to estimate their implementation of the plan in the future (Steinzor et al., 2013). These violence issues again may arise after the completion of the project. This project can not compensate this weakness. This project involves lot of other members like volunteers, agents. So there is a high chance of corruption in the work and finance. References: Banks, S., Butcher, H., Orton, A., Robertson, J. (Eds.). (2013).Managing community practice: Principles, policies and programmes. Policy Press. Council, I. H. (2012).Grants. The Council. Fabricius, C., Koch, E., Turner, S., Magome, H. (Eds.). (2013).Rights resources and rural development: community-based natural resource management in southern Africa. Routledge. Gilberthorpe, E. (2013). Community development in Ok Tedi, Papua New Guinea: the role of anthropology in the extractive industries.Community Development Journal, bst028. Goodwin, S., Young, A. (2013). Ensuring children and young people have a voice in neighbourhood community development.Australian Social Work,66(3), 344-357. Green, G. P., Haines, A. (2015).Asset building community development. Sage publications. Groves, L., Hinton, R. (Eds.). (2013).Inclusive aid: Changing power and relationships in international development. Routledge. Hart, R. A. (2013).Children's participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. Routledge. Kaneene, J. B., Ssajjakambwe, P., Kisaka, S., Miller, R., Kabasa, J. D. (2013). Creating open education resources for teaching and community development through action research: An overview of the makerere AgShare project.Online Learning Journal,17(2). Kelly, M. (2016). Case study: the Kelabit highlands community development project.Developing Citizen Designers, 1-1. Munn-Giddings, C., Winter, R. (2013).A handbook for action research in health and social care. Routledge. Phillips, R., Pittman, R. (2014).An introduction to community development. Routledge. Rhee, S. H., Min, H. G., Yoon, S. S., Jung, N. S., Chang, W. S. (2015). Social Vulnerability Assessment by Resident's Conflict Analysis on Rural Development Project of Region Unit.Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning,21(1), 77-87. Schulenkorf, N. (2012). Sustainable community development through sport and events: A conceptual framework for Sport-for-Development projects.Sport management review,15(1), 1-12. Steinzor, N., Subra, W., Sumi, L. (2013). Investigating links between shale gas development and health impacts through a community survey project in Pennsylvania.NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy,23(1), 55-83. Stewart, B. W. K. P., Wild, C. P. (2015). World cancer report 2014.World.

African Americans Immigration and Ethnic Relations

Mugged by Andrew Payne Essays

Mugged by Andrew Payne Essays Mugged by Andrew Payne Essay Mugged by Andrew Payne Essay Essay Topic: Literature I performed in Mugged by Andrew Payne. I played the character of Taylor who was a deprived boy who has turned into a bully because of the people that he is around. Mugged is a play about six teenagers that are affected by the things around them, two are bullies, two are boys who are good friends that try to act cool and the two girls go along with the bullies. The teenagers are scared of the muggers and this ends up in one of the six being stabbed. In my essay I am going to study the plays of mugged and Blood Brothers and also Billy Elliot. My character of Taylor is a street wise teenager who is one of the school bullies. He victimises people who are quieter and less street wise than him. He is scared of some individuals across the park that they all fear and see as muggers but intimidates those less powerful than him and makes it look like he is not scared when he secretly is. I played the character of Taylor using some techniques such as walking in the way that a teenage boy would walk and also raising the tone of my voice to make me seem a lot more superior and also talking louder than I normally would. I tried to base that character of Taylor like the character of Tony Elliot, Billys older brother. The actor who played Tony showed his power and authority by raising his voice and he seemed like the type of person who would break the rules but he was very loyal to the miners on strike by not caving in because he needed the money he continued with his work mates. Although he was over powering when he told Billy to dance on the table he was trying to show compassion that he is only a little boy and should not go to ballet school. I tied to play Taylor as very headstrong but towards the end he was a bit lost in whom he was and what he was doing there and I tried to show that he also had a compassionate side. Playing the part of Taylor in mugged helped me to understand how a person like this would relate to the settings around him and also the other characters on the stage. The part of Taylor is a bit like the character of Sammy Johnstone in Blood Brothers because even know they are not the main character in the play they are still a character that has a lot of impact on the other characters and of the outcome at the end of the production. The characters of Sammy, Tony and Taylor have an outcome on the productions that I have used above because they cause life changing situation and in the plays Blood Brothers and Mugged someone ends up dying and Tony changes the decisions that are made but does not affect the play as much. The set of mugged is very simple compared to the sets of Blood Brothers and Billy Elliot. The set of Billy Elliot is the main background of the village miners hall and the bedroom and house was brought in by hydraulics under the stage and other things are brought in by the cast and crew. In Blood brothers the main setting in the first act is the old council buildings on the stage right and on the stage left a posh middle class house. In the second act it changes to some better presented council houses again the other parts of the stage are brought in by the cast and crew. The setting of Mugged was very simple because we performed it in our school so we had two park benches and a bin in between the two benches and that was it so that the set did not distract the audience form the performers. Also this is all that we needed for our play to make it look realistic. Our costumes were very simple me, Sian who played Leon, Allanah who played Marky and Kerry who played Dig wore jogging bottoms and a zip up hoddy to look like the style of people who were trying to be. Penny who played Mel and Georgina who played Soph wore there school skirts and a coat to look like slutty girls. In Billy Elliot each character had more than one costume because the play was over a few months the only person who wore the same costume was Mrs Elliot because she only was on a few times and she was dead so she did not change. Also in Blood Brothers they were a few different costumes because they are playing people over 10 years apart so they have different costumes to show the differences in age and also how they have grown up. Most productions on the West end and in most theatres are different to ours because they have people making the costumes and doing the makeup but because we only did it in school we did not have to do much to make it look good because people do not expect it to look good because it is only armature dramatics so we would not have very good costumes and also we would not have a very complex set. The theme of Mugged is mainly Friendship and who to make friends with and how friends act towards each other. Our play is also about peer pressure which ties in with the plot of both Blood Brothers and Billy Elliot because in both of these plays there is a lot of peer pressure. In Billy Elliot there is peer pressure because the miners are pressurised to stay on strike but Billys dad decided that he would break it for his son to go to ballet school. And in Blood brothers Sammy and his gang pressured Mickey. Linda and Eddie into things that they dont want to do and end up in trouble.

Question In July 2012, in exercising its powers under the EU Markets Essay

Question In July 2012, in exercising its powers under the EU Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), UK Financial Se - Essay Example The market would therefore have been a highly competitive one with fewer shares to be traded among several shareholders. The case of survival of the fittest would have therefore arisen. In their bid to acquire London Metal Exchange Ltd, Honk Kong Exchange Investment was mandated to satisfy the provisions of the scheme of arrangement under Part 26 Companies Act 2006, which addresses the issue of legislation to loans and debt. This procedure was necessitated for a number of legal reasons and interpretations. Commonly, it is noted that the need of scheme of arrangement arises for companies such as Hong Kong Exchange Investment to make compromise with its key stakeholders on issues regarding solvent company’s reconstruction. ... cy and solvency Act4, it is very important to stress the fact that the scheme of arrangement is not in place to conceptualize a company’s scheme to become insolvent. With this said, the analysis can well continue on the provisions of the scheme of arrangement involved in the case of Hong Kong Exchange Investment as it would now be known that the scheme of arrangement was entered only as a cost shedding strategy and not as a means of announcing the company’s likelihood to become insolvent. Outcome and implications of the court approval for stakeholders Even though back in July 2012 the United Kingdom Financial Services Authority had exercised its powers under the European Union Markets in Financial Instruments Directive under the 2004/39/EC of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) to approve Hong Kong Exchange Investment’s acquisition of London Metal Exchange Ltd, the process was somewhat put in a limbo as a court petition was undertaken for the c ourt to sanction the Scheme that had been started and to give a legislative confirmation to the related capital reduction5. This court petition was in reaction to the approved purchasing capital of ?1.39 billion that had been granted earlier. This court case was heard on 5 December 2012 and the issues of the court had it that Hong Kong Exchange Investment was cleared to main its capital base for the acquisition. As part of the issues considered by the court was the remaining conditions to the transaction that had been set out in the Scheme Document. Earlier, the purchasing company, which was Hong Kong Exchange Investment, had fully satisfied condition 1(a) found in Part III of the scheme document that touches on the transaction that had taken place far back on 9 July 2012. Completion of the transaction

'In your opinion, what are the key corporate governance issues Essay

'In your opinion, what are the key corporate governance issues presented in this case and why' - Essay Example The basic role of corporate governance deals with the governance process of the corporation as well as how the management relates with several parties that are interested in the operations of the corporation, namely; shareholders, employees, directors, customers, creditors and suppliers. Every organization desires to have a good corporate governance that is not out to only minimize the possible risks of fraud and failure but also to improve the economic performance and its investment climate. Such governance relates public savings, investment, integrity and market confidence making corporate governance an important inclusion in order to achieve financial stability and economic growth for a long time. The corporation in question is the Royal Dutch/Shell Group which has remained the third largest production and oil production in the world. The size of the corporation makes corporate governance an important factor as it employs more than 119, 000 employees in more than 145 countries (Ev ans, 2004). For decades, Shell/Royal Dutch has been keen to maintain a good position among the top most global corporations. Its corporate governance has mostly been interested in the stability of the corporation in relation to its operations and name. ... ation Governance Issues The declaration by Royal Dutch/Shell Group that it was facing inflated oil reserves and that it intended to downgrade approximately four billion oil and gas reserves resulted to a furor among industry analysts as well as its investors who came out strongly blaming the opaque and complex governance structure that was twin-board for the issues facing the group. Analysts and experts claimed that this type of structure lacked proper accountability as well as resulted to financial manipulations (Hanney, 2004). The main corporation issue facing the Royal Dutch/Shell Group is thus its governance structure that entailed a twin board. This structure is believed to have had several loopholes in its governance thus the several issues associated with the group. The consequent of the above was a series of turmoil for the group. The public announcement of reserves reduction claimed that the company was fond of blaming human failings through its top executives and not come u p with critics on the weaknesses of the structure of Shell (Malin, 2004). The reaction of the group following the mounting pressure from its investors was to institute reviews and recognize and appreciated that it had complicated the organization in unusual ways but still insisted that it is the same structure that had taken the group to the greatest heights for more than one hundred years thus is justified by the legal regimes and differing tax. The issues facing Shell are not just a problem of the group but an issue facing the international gas and oil industry. Royal Dutch/Shell Group Governance Structure The main issue facing the governance of the group goes up to some of its senior executives who recognize that the corporation reserves were overstated. In addition to this realization,

Human Communication Theory and Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Communication Theory and Research - Essay Example Different scholars including philosophers have developed theories to help understand ways people communicate and assign meaning to what they say and hear. One of such theories is Referential Theory. The paper will discuss the theory by outlining its assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses. Â  Referential theory of meaning has its roots from the work of Aristotle, and he was the first person to expound on it in the 4th century BC (Hobbs, 2012). He had an assumption regarding words that people spoke and believed they had a meaning attached to them. According to his view, the meaning of a word consists in what it refers to (Hobbs, 2012). He gave several examples to prove his argument and as a justification that meanings are denoted by the words referred. For instance, the word "dog" is used to refer to all the dogs in the world and dogs are mammals that human beings rear at homes. Therefore, it is in order for one to hold that dog refers to all the animals who share the same similarities in the world. Similarly, knowing what dog refers to makes it easy for people to know the meaning of the word. Â  Besides, Aristotle argued by giving other additional examples towards justifying his statements. For instance, the meaning of a tree is the same one known, the meaning of a joke is the same joke we practice every day same to automobiles used in everyday life (Hobbs, 2012). Because of this, proponents of the theory believe that meaning of a term consists in its reference class. This implies that it falls into the category that the words refer. Â  The referential theory is cherished because of the identity it gives objects it refers to. The theory holds because of its ability to point to references class that is used in explaining the meaning of words used (UNC, 2015).