Importance of ‘True and Fair View of Financial Statements

Importance of ‘True and Fair View of Financial Statements Introduction This essay focuses on the definition of the ‘true and fair view’ and how to use in accounting practically. In my opinion, ‘true and fair view’ is essential in the real world of accounting because the company has to provide reliable and relevant information to demonstrate its actual financial situation in financial report. However, from December 2013, the ‘true and fair view’ is not defined in Corporations Act s. 295(4)(d) and other regulations or legislations. This is because it has been a controversial debate towards whether the exact nature of ‘true and fair view’. Therefore, the following essay will explain the importance of the ‘true and fair view’ in terms of the appropriate disclosure of material matters in financial statement and the frustration in terms of the definition as well. What is True and Fair? The ‘true and fair view’ concept is one of two competing but not mutually exclusive legal standards for financial reporting quality that have been subject to debate on their meaning, use and importance. The other is ‘present fairly in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles’ (GAAP). The mainly prescriptive literature suggests that each regime that requires compliance with ‘true and fair view’ tends to address and interpret the concept according to specific historical, social, cultural, political and economic roots and environments (Deegan Michael 2012). The nature of truth, whether absolute or relative, it is the existence of a reality, an unquestionable thing, or as an abstract concept, either dependent or independent of believers. The interpretation equated with the truth and fairness to the relevance together with adequate disclosure in financial report. In accounting concept, ‘True and fair view’ indicates that the financial statement must not contain material misstatement and actually reflect the financial performance and position on the company(Deegan Michael 2012). To be specific, ‘True’ means the financial statement accord with the reality and formal reporting framework such as conceptual framework and free from any unreal information which could mislead the users. ‘Fair’ means the information in financial statement do not include any personal prejudice or bias thus it could reflect the economic substance or transaction. The Importance of True and Fair in Accounting The Corporations Act requires the accountants to provide true and fair information so that the accounts of the company can convey a true and fair view explicitly. Under s. 297, it is required that the financial statements and notes should to give a true and fair value of the entity’s financial position in the financial year. Moreover, s. 308 requires auditors to give a true and fair view in the annual financial statements and comply with accounting standards. Beside to the Corporations Act, Chastney (1975) suggests that fairness means that, in order to achieve a true and fair view financial reports should present information both impartially and in a manner that a reader can understand clearly. The concepts of truth and fairness are of great significance to ensure the accounting information to be reliable. The information reflected in the financial repot includes the measurements of assets and liabilities, the calculation of profit and capital, as well as the actual quantities involved in business activities (Ryan 1988). The information disclosed in financial statements should be fair to shareholders, public and other related stakeholders. Thus, directors and auditors in a company have an obligation to comply with the ‘true and fair value’ in all accounting activities. For example, four particular information should be disclosed in the financial statement. These information are required to be true and fair to reflect the financial performance and position of the company. The four information needs are:capital maintenance, stewardship. Liquidity and net realizable value. From the perspective of true and fair, these four information are required as follows: Capital maintenance need to satisfy the needs of shareholders for disclosing the annual profit legally available for dividend, retained profit and the amount and form of paid-up capital. Stewardship need to satisfy the needs for disclosing the results achieved by directors from the use of funds and whether the investment are following the objective of the company (Power 2010). Liquidity are quired to serve as an indication to the solvency. The information should clarify the abilities of companies to met liabilities in short term, the amount of bank overdraft and the amount of any securities to secured company’s debts (Chastney 1975). Net realizable value disclosure are needed to make sure shareholders do not sell their shares which are parts of net realizable value but was available to the company. Under these interpretations, the measurement of periodic profit based on detail monetary model, which elaborate the demand and actual application of how fairness reflected in the financial statement (Gaffikin, Dagwell Wines 2004). Moreover, all the measurements should be internally consistent and comply with the applying of the accounting System.The value of the true and fair view also reflect the compliance of the transactions with relevant regulations, statutory provision and other accounting standard. For example, the accounting policies applied in the organization should be appropriate to a accompany’s business, and the acquirements and recommendations in accounting standards can be practical in the use of achieving company’s actual financial objectives (Aisbitt Nobes 2001). Specially, AASB 1001 requires the accounting policies should to ensure the substance of the underlying transactions or other events , satisfying the concepts of relevance and reliability (AASB). This demands the actual economic nature and effect of the events to be reported. At last, the truth and fairness also make contributions to the company’s decision making. This is because the relevance and reliability has b een ensured and the managers can predict the future perspective according to the useful information reported in the financial statement (Ijiri Jaedicke 2004). How to define True and Fair? However, True and fair concept is not yet defined by authority, also some way to define that in view of its relationship to the various components of a true and fair. (Lee, 1982) There is also no legal concept prescribe the notion of true and fair. Sometimes the application of ‘true and fair valve’ go far beyond of technical rules of accounting (Aisbitt Nobes 2001). For example, stemming from the meaning of ‘compliance with the facts’, ‘truth’ refers to ‘empirical correspondence’ in accounting terminology. But in practical accounting, the value of truth is not limited to its literal definition. It also expand to deductive validity in audit process. Further more, the application of fair also involved in the appropriate general accounting model for measurement of periodic profit and capital. That is to say, there is no fixed standard to rule what is exactly the meaning of ‘true and fair value’ in practical accounting. On the other hand, although true and fair view is really essential in accounting framework, however, in real life sometimes it is quite hard for the accountant to make absolute right decision in terms of following absolute truth and fairness. For example, in the process of determining the depreciation, several methods are available such as declining balance method, maximum amount method, multi-level method and the basic method (Ryan 1988). In most cases, several options are accessible and reasonable, but different methods could lead to different calculation answers, affecting the estimation of company’s financial performance. When the accountant put the formula into the reality, they have to take into account the company’s position and financial performance target, then making the optimal decision (Lee 1982). In this situation, the concept of ‘true and fair view’ do not have fixed rules and the accountant may use the professional judgment to make the final decision. Conclusion To conclude, true and fair value are of great concern in accounting, especially in financial statements. The idea that true and fair value measurement is part of professional identification in terms of the releasability and relevance of the information disclosed in the financial report. However, in most cases, the technical standard setting of true and fair value are not obvious and uniform, which address impediment to real practicability of the interpretations. This is because the notions of relevance and reliability cannot be defined independently of the whole accounting system and are always subject to changes (Power 2010). Reference list Aisbitt, S Nobes, C 2001, ‘The true and fair view requirement in recent national implementations’, Accounting and Business Research, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 83-90 Australian Accounting Standard Board 2010, Complied AASB Standard AASB 117, Australian Government Australian Accounting Standards Board, Australia. Chastney, JG 1975, True and fair view: a study of the history and meaning of true and fair and a consideration of the impact of the fourth directive, Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, London Deegan C., 2012 Australian Financial Accounting, 7th ed, McGraw-Hill, Nth Ryde Gaffikinà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ Mà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ Dagwellà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ R Winesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ G 2004à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ Corporate accounting in Australiaà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ 3rd editionà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ University of New South Wales Press Ltdà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ NSW Ijiri, Y Jaedicke, R 2004, ‘Reliability and objectivity of accounting measurements’, The Accounting Review, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 471–483. Lee, TA 1982, ‘The will-o-the-wisp of true and fair’, The Accountant, vol. 187, no. 5601, pp. 16-18. Power, M 2010, ‘Fair value accountin: financial economics and the transformation of reliability’, Accounting and Business Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 197-210. Ryan, JB 1988, A True and Fair View: A Revised Accounting Interpretation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong

Computer Piracy in The Music Industry Essay -- mp3 file sharing music

Computer Piracy (The Music Industry) The music industry has had problems with computer piracy for many years now. There have been many programs devoted to giving out free music. Many of these programs are well know, but still very hard to stop. Napster, Kazaa, and the newest program, myTunes Redux are the most popular programs for music sharing. This essay will explain all about these main programs which allow free music to be shared all over the world. File-sharing became big right around the time the Napster file-sharing program came out. Napster is an online service which was invented by an 18-year-old college student that allows a user to see song files residing on the hard drives of other users, and to download copies of any of those songs. (DLC.org) Napster started off at a slow pace, becoming popular at colleges and then it just exploded. Everyone was using this program within a year of its creation. (DLC.org) However, it eventually got busted and the idea of free music was shutdown, or so the music industry thought. Napster continues to be around today, but with a legal persona. After Napster was told to stop there illegal program there were many other programs in the making. Programs even more advanced then Napster. The next program to come along which caused a big stir was a program known as Kazaa. Kazaa took file sharing to the next level by also allowing movie and picture files to be shared rather than just music files. The Kazaa protocol is the brainchild of the Scandinavians Niklas Zennstrà ¶m and Janus Friis and was introduced in March 2001 by their Dutch company Consumer Empowerment. (Wikipedia.org) Like the creators of Napster, Kazaa's owners have been taken to court by m... ...l and is the biggest file sharing program since Napster and Kazaa. There will most likely be a final resolution to this new program by next year. Basically, file sharing programs will always be around. They even are able to avoid law suits by explaining that it is the user who is breaking the law. The world of the music industry needs to understand that there is nothing they can do to stop it. All they can do is try to find ways to work around it. Besides, if someone really enjoys a band, they would go out and support them by buying their cd. In the end, file sharing is part of the world around us and will remain here for many years to come. Works Cited http://www.dlc.org/print.cfm?contentid=646 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaa http://news.com.com/MyTunes+returns+for+iTunes+song+sharing/2100-1027_3- 5349272.html

Othello protagonist Essay

The protagonist of the play, Othello is a man trapped by his own weaknesses rather than a victim of circumstance. Even though the situations that Othello finds himself in are not ideal and contribute to his downfall, it is his own fatal flaws that end up destroying him. In act 3 scene 3 Iago starts to plant a seed of doubt in Othello’s mind about his wife Desdemona and her infidelity. Iago proceeds to ask Othello, â€Å"Did Michael Cassio, when you wooed my lady, know of you love? † This question immediately causes Othello to become suspicious. Iago then follows with a series of rhetorical questions that enrage Othello as well increase the doubt that is building up in his mind. By the end of this scene we see one of Othello’s weaknesses present itself, jealousy. This particular flaw becomes one of the major contributions to Othello’s downfall. By the end of the play jealousy has clouded his judgment and taken over his perspective on everything. At first Othello insists that he needs proof of the alleged affair but quickly changes his mind. â€Å"Must be to loathe her. O curse of marriage.Act 4 scene 1, Iago informs Othello that Desdemona and Cassio have slept together and he has seen that she has given Cassio the handkerchief Othello gave her when they first fell in love. All this news that Iago keeps telling him sends Othello off into a rant, â€Å"Is’t possible? – Confess? Handkerchief? O devil! †After this his falls into a trance. This is the moment when all Othello’s insecuriti es, fears and aversions as well as the obvious lack of judgment that a leader is assumed to have combine to create this kind of epileptic fit. In this scene stage directions are used to help the reader understand what is going on for a dramatic effect. Two of Othello’s flaws that cause this downfall are passion and gullibility. These feelings enabled Iago fill his head with lies that caused him to get so worked up that he lost control. In act 5 scene 1 Iago had convinced Othello that he would kill Cassio and that Othello had to kill Desdemona. Othello begins this scene with a soliloquy, reflecting and attempting to justify his decision to kill her. Othello refers to Desdemona as light. â€Å"Put out the light and then put out he light†. So sweet we ne’er so fatal. †Othello describes how she was so sweet but her actions caused so much pain. Before he kills her, Othello makes sure she has prayed or confessed so that she will go to heaven. â€Å"I will not kill thy unprepared spirit. †Othello’s blind faith in Iago is the flaw that leads all his other weaknesses to rise to the surface an d in the end the inevitable happens. Othello, once a great man, falls. Desdemona speak for one last time in the play. â€Å"A guiltless death I die. † This quote enforces the reality of what has just taken place. This innocent woman was a victim because of another man’s weakness. In this play it is clear what jealousy and misguided trust can do to a person. These weaknesses, along with others, are the reason for Othello’s downfall. Each flaw produced another weakness or doubt. The fact that Othello was manipulated to be part of Iago’s plan for revenge only accelerated the speed of his demise. The fatal mix of passion, jealousy, insecurity as well as how easily he could be manipulated caused Othello to be a man snared by his own weaknesses.

Brett In The Sun Also Rises English Literature Essay Essay Example

Brett In The Sun Also Rises English Literature Essay Essay Example Brett In The Sun Also Rises English Literature Essay Essay Brett In The Sun Also Rises English Literature Essay Essay this is a rare happening. While this sense of female laterality continues, it brings a more negative intension the farther into the novel it gets. In add-on, it is rapidly learned that Brett s figure one concern in her insatiate desire for sex. A relationship in her eyes is defined by the sum of and quality of sexual intercourse that she can acquire. While she is apparently capable of Craig2 loving person, as we see in chapter 4 and beyond, love is non of import plenty to predominate. Love you? I merely turn all to jelly when you touch me, ( Hemingway, p.34 ) is what she mentions to Jake during the first brush that we see in the novel. Her relationship with Jake is neer to the full understood and decidedly neer reaches its full potency due to her inability to perpetrate to anything of substance. Brett genuinely seems more interested in holding a good clip, which can be seen through her promiscuous actions and changeless partying. In add-on, she wanders through life by going and merely sweeping in and out of people s lives. She genuinely shows her shallow nature through these actions. Another illustration of when we can see more of her superficiality appears in chapter 5 when we foremost become cognizant of the fact that she is really engaged. Bing foremost introduced to her by cognizing her promiscuousness and so subsequently larning she is engaged, makes her look even more of a negative character. Besides being shallow, it can besides be said that she is one of the most selfish characters in the full book. She leads a really unsettling life and comes through others lives like a twister. She does what she wants and neer considers the effects that her actions have on others. We can truly see this through her actions with Jake. She is invariably inquiring for reassurance of his love for her, yet has non intentions on following through with a relationship. Brett has a wont of doing programs with Jake and so standing him up. Jake inquiries her, You do nt retrieve anything about a day of the month with me at the Crillon? In which Brett answers, No. Did we have one? I must hold been blind ( Hemingway, p.61 ) . She continually leads him on, and while he knows there truly is nt a opportunity that anything will come of their feelings for each other, it is like throwing salt on his lesions at every reference of her love for him. In add-on to moving Craig 3 egotistically towards Jake, which is the most terrible, she besides is handling her fiance Mike badly egotistically. She reasonably openly has personal businesss and expects him to stand at that place and delay for her. Between the combination of her promiscuousness and selfishness, we can acquire a complete image of Brett as a truly inconsiderate individual. When we look at all these factors, and while I do hold a much more negative position of Lady Brett than positive, I ca nt assist but inquire if this behaviour is a consequence of being confused and afraid. Someone feeling unsure about the way her life is traveling, may move in ways that they think will hold no foreseeable effects in the immediate hereafter. What she is non looking at is the bigger image. She is a unrecorded daily sort of miss, and looking towards her hereafter does nt look to be a inquiry in her head. It is mentioned in the book that this group has all experienced the adversities of WWI in some manner or another. The catastrophe has truly hit them all and they are fighting to happen significance in their lives post-war. Many of them neer wanted the war to get down with, and they are now covering with the hurts of life after war. We would likely hold gone on and discussed the war and agreed that it was in world a catastrophe for civilisation, and possibly would hold been better avoided ( Hemingway, p. 24-25 ) . In add-on to covering with the war, it is learned through a conversation between Jake and Cohn that Brett had married shortly after her true love died. When did she get married Ashley? During the war. Her ain true love had merely kicked off with dysentery ( Hemingway, p.46 ) . The fact that Brett suffered through the loss of her true love could be the root of all of her recent negative actions. She could hold been so overwrought from the loss of her love, that she now found it difficult to let herself to truly autumn for another adult male, and if she seems to hold Craig 4 feelings, like she does with Jake, she pushes them aside. All of her jokes could really be a defence mechanism and her existent ground for being selfish roots from fright. Leting herself to open up to another individual would open her up for the possibility of grief and hurt. Overall, the war left her alone and without any way as to where her life was traveling. She was left to fundamentally get down her life over. Afraid and unsure, she chose to populate a life filled with sex and intoxicant. Another cause of her inability to perpetrate to a adult male could be due to her dishevelled and corrupt yesteryear matrimony with Lord Ashley. He ever made Brett kip on the floor. Finally, when he got truly bad, he used to state her he d kill her ( Hemingway, p.207 ) . This unstable and violent relationship most likely farther damaged any staying religion she may hold had in relationships. The feeling I got from reading the novel was that the lone ground she was in an battle was because they had a relationship of convenience and were comfy plenty in their dysfunctional relationship. An illustration of eventually seeing an ounce of morality in Brett is exposed during the last chapter when she leaves Romero. At first, Brett seemed to hold a connexion with him, and she most likely still did upon go forthing him, but she claimed that he was immature and she did nt desire to ache him. She knew she would nt be able to stay faithful. While this ab initio seemed to be an admirable move, this determination could hold besides easy been driven by selfishness or her fright of settling down and/or conforming. She knew Romero loved her, but wanted her to be something that she could nt perchance be. He wanted to do it certain I could neer travel off from him. After I d acquire more womanly, of class ( Hemingway, p. 246 ) . Romero was seeking to turn an independent adult female into a dependent homemaker, a lifestyle Brett could nt Craig 5 conform to. Given all of the information the novel exposes to us about Brett, more than one reading can be made about her character. She could be a nice miss deep down, with fright of committedness lurking in her caput. While I do believe that there is decidedly some truth to this, I still think that Brett has let her past fortunes dictate her life in a negative manner, instead than turning from her hurting and experience. I feel that Brett is utilizing her hurting as an alibi to act in such a harmful manner. She allowed herself to go an highly selfish, inconsiderate adult female, who is willing to ache anyone in her manner in order to acquire what she wants sexually. The last quotation mark being used to be analyzed is one that stood out to me instantly. In the last paragraph she states, Oh Jake, we could hold had such a blasted good clip together ( Hemingway, p. 251 ) . This line proves that her egoism has ironically non merely caused other hurting, specifically Jake, but besides herself. She is her ain worst enemy and her current life style is destroying her opportunities of genuinely being happy once more.

Computer Science Term Paper Guide 10 Topics and 5 Ways to Deal with Them

Computer Science Term Paper Guide 10 Topics and 5 Ways to Deal with Them Studying in the Computer Science Department? It is reasonably good to choose such a career path – an academic degree in this area of study opens a door to a career with the endless possibilities: the exceptional job conditions, high salaries, and diverse job opportunities across industries, from business to government. Know what lies behind these great possibilities? A lot of work, energy and time to get the desired outcome of any scientific discipline – both theoretical and practical knowledge. This computer science term paper guide is a wealth of computer science topics ranging from general research questions to specialized ones. You’ll be informed about the most effective ways of dealing with computer science term paper writing, in which you’re required to apply both types of scientific knowledge. What Is a Term Paper on Computer Science? A term paper definition is a type of research paper designed for a graduate course setting of an academic term. As for Computer Science, term papers can be related to the sea of subfields and specializations, among which there are widely spread: Software Engineering; Computer Networking; Web Designing; Computer Vision; Programming Languages; Quantum Computing; Data Mining; Artificial Intelligence, etc. Indeed, this list of study areas within Computer Science is endless as the process of computerization moves so quickly that more and more specialists are required in the world’s job market. Consider the Employment Outlook for Computer Science Careers to make sure that you can be a much-wanted commodity. But for that, you should meet all the requirements suggested by your university. One of the main conditions for successful graduation in most universities is writing term papers on Computer Science. In general, you should ask yourself the following 3 questions when you are considering what you need to deal with in your computer science term paper: What is the research issue my computer science term paper should address? Due to a variety of research questions on Computer Science, you have a huge choice of possible term paper topics. Think of a niche of your academic work. You can be motivated to specify the research field of your term paper by many factors, namely its rationale, relevance, and contribution. What are the possible contributions of my term paper to Computer Science? Every year, thousands of computer science research papers are submitted and published in scholarly journals. If you research a chosen computer science topic extensively, you have more chances to highlight the topic that is less studied, but about which there is much to say. Even if you don’t bring a new understanding of the research problem, you can use a new methodology for solving the same problem. What relevant materials can I gather to use for writing my scientific term paper? The direct access to many sources of information may sidetrack you and your attention from the most essential for term paper writing – to substantiate a research proposal with the logical findings. Use that information that won’t allow you to go in circles. In other words, a term paper on Computer Science is a major writing assignment that requires you to demonstrate a full understanding of a specific topic. What Term Paper Topics Are Relevant for Computer Science: Our Writers Are Ready to Share Their Ideas Cloud Computing: Its Development and Testing 6 Technologies for Data Exploration, Data Analysis, and Data Visualisation; Virtual Reality: The Contemporary Interest Around the World Computer Programming Languages: Their Purpose, Application and Significance Human-Computer Interaction: Is It Always Successful? Privacy and Security in the Digital Era: X Ways How to Achieve It? Virtualization and Abstraction in Computer Science: What Does It Bring Today? 7 Most Complex Natural Language Processing Problems: Parsing, Information Extraction, or Machine Translation? Graphics and Imaging Laboratory Analysis The Systematic and Effective Study of Data in a Multidimensional View Before starting to write a term paper on Computer Science topics either from our list or your instructor’s list, the first necessary and the most obvious point is the understanding of the topic. As a scientific discipline, the field of computer science may cause much confusion. One of the computer science enthusiasts, Joke Noppers, shares own ideas about understanding computer science in a Master’s thesis. Another way to understand a topic is to read different tutorials, for example, this one if you want to wade through innumerable details on Machine Learning. What Are the Steps towards Successful Computer Term Paper Writing? For all computer science term paper topics, you have to: Read all the instructions given by your educator completely and comprehensively. You can be sure that you’re required to discuss a topic, but indeed you may be asked to do it with the help of different approaches to the research problems. Carefully examine the assignment to figure out what you are specifically asked to perform. Create a schedule for completing a term paper on time. A term paper is not a last-minute assignment. Usually, it is given at the beginning of an academic term bearing in mind that you will do it in parts. It will be convenient to have a personal calendar on Google with the deadlines set before the due dates of a submission of this or that part of a term paper. For example, if you need to show a methodology chapter to your supervisor on 7 January 2020, mention the deadline the 1st of January so that you will have enough time to revise, proofread and so on. Make sure to give yourself enough time for every part of a computer science term paper. Do an in-depth research on a term paper topic. Today, an abundance of material is available to you. If you get an actual book on a topic, and find academic papers, journals, and other materials, you will understand better the background and the current thinking on a topic. Both types of information sources can be used for computer science term paper primary (original sources of articles, documents, legal cases, interviews, experiments, etc.) and secondary (other peoples interpretations and explanations of the primary sources). Be open to learning new data about a topic under consideration while researching. Don’t forget to take notes according to 5 Oxford effective taking notes methods. Stick to a term paper writing format. Despite the fact that formatting of research papers depends on the course. In many term papers, including computer science term paper, it is universally accepted to have explicitly identified and labeled sections of a term paper rather than to write a continuous uninterrupted text. Develop an outline for your term paper. If you prepare an outline for a term paper assignment, your ideas are better structured. Working on a computer with a term paper outline allows you to do it faster. You just copy and paste the necessary information from your notes into the parts of your outline. You can change the sequence of your ideas within an outline so that less time will be spent on drafting. In practice, an outline is extended into the first draft of your term paper. The added outline can look quite messy at first glance, but when it works for your benefit – nothing essential is missed out. What Are the Effective Writing Strategies for a Term Paper? When all the prewriting steps are taken, you’re ready to start the writing process itself. Right? You’ve already known the standard format of a term paper. That’s why you need to deal with a separate part of it. Get to the point immediately in the introduction. It is a common mistake of many students when they intend to speak in generalities on a topic, maybe, in order to meet a page or word count or because they don’t have anything to say meaningfully. With your good introduction for a term paper, you should give a proper orientation to the readers and make them want to read the rest of the paper. Develop the main body of a term paper. After your reader is introduced to a research topic, he/she knows what you are going to say, don’t hesitate to say it in a proper way. Basically, you should divide this part into sections, then subsections, points and subpoints. Every unit should be logical and correspond to a heading. If you need to review the literature concerning the current state of research, do it in an appropriate section under the title ‘Literature Review’. Remember that all information sources you refer to needs a reference according to a formatting style (APA, MLA, Chicago or Harvard). Prioritize the work on the main body of your term paper accordingly: interpret the main literary sources, state methods for your research, turn to a necessary research approach. Arrive at the logical conclusions. It isn’t time to relax just because you are at the finish of writing this ‘excellent’ term paper. Everything has an end – even the longest day must have an end. It would be perfect that your term paper will have a fitting end to a scientific paper – key original findings and recommendations for further research. The concluded chapter should give the readers the feeling that it was worthwhile to read your paper. Besides, it should stimulate their further thinking, either critical or analytical one. Compile a reference/bibliography page. Any research paper emerges from nowhere – there are some assumptions of analysis, the backgrounds of the topic and so on. Moreover, it would be much more difficult to work on a topic on your won with a clean sheet of paper in hands. For that reason, you can refer to someone’s works in the field you are studying. And it won’t mean that you steal someone’s ideas. But remember there is no sign of plagiarism only if you refer to the sources correctly. All references cited in your term paper must be listed on a bibliography page. As a rule, this page or several pages depending on the number of the sources used are the last ones of your term paper. Further on, only appendixes (maps, statistics, charts, etc.) can be placed. Edit a term paper based on the style requirements. Once again, return to the first step of your term paper writing. What should you do? Carefully look through an assignment. Well, what style are you required to use in your term paper? APA, MLA, Harvard or Chicago? Look again at your text. Is it written accordingly the style peculiarities? Now, it is time to make final touches to your term paper writing. Reread it again and again while the submission date doesn’t come. Alternatively, let other competent or more experienced people proofread and edit your paper. This way you’ll save your time and nerves. Writing a term paper is always relevant to any course whatever you choose to study. But if you’ve decided to achieve considerable results in Computer Science, start writing an A+ term paper right now. Broaden your expertise quickly with our help and the computer science term paper tips above.

De Beers - Blood Diamonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

De Beers - Blood Diamonds - Essay Example After creation of social legislation in 1970s, employees, environment, and consumers are recognised as legitimate stakeholders of companies and every decision of the company must incorporate them. For instance, a firm involved in building a school for its workers children will be undertaking its social responsibility. In another case, by innovating in new ways of manufacturing its products that are friendlier to the environment, a company will also be undertaking its social responsibility as it maximises its profits. This paper discusses De beer-Black Diamonds company’s ways of undertaking its social responsibilities. Carroll Model Early theologians tried to define company social responsibility. For instance, J.M Clark emphasized the importance of transparency in business dealings and emphasized that men must take responsibility of their own actions whether the law recognised it or not (CSR Quest, 2012, P.1). In 1960, Keith Davis suggested that, â€Å"social responsibility re fers to businesses decisions and actions taken for reasons at least partially beyond the firm’s direct economic or technical interest† (CBE, 1991, P.1). Carroll Model is similar to the suggestions of these two theologians. He conceived CSR as divided into four obligatory parts namely, economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary. The major responsibility that shareholders vests on the company managers is to increase the economic value of their assets. Therefore, businesses must work hard to earn profits to keep the company going. In all its undertakings, the company must do so in accordance to the laws of the land. The third responsibility is for corporate companies to do what is right, just, fair, and avoid harm to employees and the neighbourhoods. Lastly, a corporate company is expected to contribute its resources towards improving the life of the surrounding community (Slide share, 2009, P.1). For instance, at the place of mining, there is no good Medicare for the min ers. A mining company may build a hospital or a community clinic where its workers can access medical services. Background Information of the Company De Beers is an international company that operates mines in South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana, Canada, and Namibia. It dominates the Diamond world in open-pit mining, underground, large-scale alluvial and deep-sea mining. It has existed for more than 100 years now and has spent lots of money to advertise the diamond products it produces as a symbol of love, purity, and beauty. De Beers acquired its monopolistic powers before the twentieth century via buying individual diamond dealers and spoiled the market for those who could not join in. However, this monopoly ended in 2000 after Russian entry in the market. De Beers Company employs about 20,000 employees around the world. It sells the rough diamonds through Diamond Trading Company and $5.9bn sales were recorded in 2007. The company sells its finished jewels through a joint venture wit h French Luxury Goods Products Today the company is acquiring a new name â€Å"Blood diamonds† or â€Å"conflict diamonds† since the African nation that hold most of its mining grounds want to reclaim their lands. There are so many disputes and blood shed over the mining grounds and it is believed that the weapon used in these fights comes from the west. According to Durham, â€Å"

Civil Liberties-Criminal Procedures Discussion Board Coursework

Civil Liberties-Criminal Procedures Discussion Board - Coursework Example Collection of data regarding citizens without their consent is a direct insult to their dignity as they are disrespected and treated as people who should not have a right to privacy in the first place. There are records that clearly show that NSA gave the wrong information regarding their surveillance. They lied even under an oath that they were not accessing any information (Paul). This was just disrespect to human decency while invading their privacy. The involvement of the president who should safeguard the rights of the citizens offer leaves little to be desired as he reminds everybody of tyranny that all fought. He justifies the violation of privacy in broad daylight. Scapegoating around terror attacks and other security measures while NSA first lied that there was no surveillance in the first place is a clear indication of a system that doesn’t not feel the need to clear the air for its citizens but rather opt to violate their rights to privacy because there is nothing much they can do. Citizens now have trust issues with the government (Dickson). Dickson, Caitlin. NSA Surveillance Program Explained: Here’s Why We’re Freaking Out. 6th July 2013. 5th April 2015. . Paul, Rand. The NSA is still violating our rights, despite what James Clapper says. 20th Feb 2014. 5th April 2015. . The-Young-Tucks. Lawmaker/veteran tells story of her own rape and GOP laughs at her. 28th March 2015. 5th April 2015.